![]() ![]() Conclusionsĭifferent CNS hypersomnias present with specific features of EDS are useful to guide the clinician to apply and interpret appropriate neurophysiological investigations.īorbély AA (1982) A two process model of sleep regulation. Kleine-Levin Syndrome is characterized by recurrent episodes of enormously prolonged sleep time lasting days associated with abnormal cognition and behavior intermixed by asymptomatic periods, a sleep pattern that can be well documented by actigraphy. Polysomnographic data are not required, but when the MSLT is performed, ISS patients can present with SOREMP arising from non-REM stage 2 sleep (vs narcolepsy patients entering into SOREM most frequently from wakefulness). ISS diagnosis is based on the clinical evidence of nocturnal sleep curtailment (weekdays versus vacations) associated with the disappearance of EDS complaint after sleep extension. Patients with insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS) can present with variable clinical EDS features in between narcolepsy and IH. Polysomnographic studies show high sleep propensity on the MSLT or high 24-h total sleep time during continuous monitoring. Conversely, patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) complain sleep inertia and prolonged nocturnal sleep. These features are mirrored by the neurophysiological evidence of REM sleep at sleep onset (SOREMP) during the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), a specific marker. ResultsĪt clinical evaluation, narcolepsy patients report a good restorative potential of sleep together with the frequent occurrence of dreaming even during short-lasting naps. MethodsĪ review of recent literature was performed to provide an update in CNS hypersomnias. In this mini-review, we summarized EDS features in CNS hypersomnias to provide a guide for differential diagnosis purposes. They must pay the towing and storage costs for their impounded vehicle even if they weren't driving it.įor more information, see Vehicle impoundment.Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is the core complaint of central nervous system (CNS) hypersomnias. Owners are responsible for their vehicles under the Motor Vehicle Act. If someone else gets your vehicle impounded You must pay all towing and storage costs. 60 days for any later offence within two years.30 days for a second offence within two years.Police can impound your vehicle for excessive speeding. If you exceed the limit by more than 60km an hour, you’ll be fined $483 and have three penalty points added to your driving record.If you exceed the limit by more than 40km an hour, you’ll be fined $368 and have three penalty points added to your driving record.The faster you drive, the higher the fine: ![]() The Motor Vehicle Act defines excessive speeding as driving at a speed greater than 40 km an hour over the speed limit. If you don't, the courts will find you guilty, fine you and have penalty points applied to your driver's record.įor more information, see Disputing a traffic violation ticket page on the ICBC website. You have 30 days to dispute a violation ticket or fine. traffic offences page on the ICBC website. If a court convicts you of a traffic violation, it will apply penalty points to your driving record.įor more information on fines and points, see the B.C.
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